Science Finally Figures Out Why Suicidal Termites Blow Themselves Up


 

Some "suicidal" termites have a strange ace up their sleeve: a back compartment filled with a toxic liquid that can explode and poison their enemies. Science didn't quite know how this secret weapon worked — until now, with findings published in the journal Structure.

 

The termites of the species Neocapritermes taracua have a specialized pair of glands in their abdomens that secrete an enzyme called blue laccase BP76 into these pouches on their backs.

 

As they age, the termites accumulate these backpacks full of these blue crystals containing copper.

 

It works like this: when faced with a threat, termites of this species rupture their bodies, mixing the enzyme with secretions produced in their salivary glands.

 

This mixture results in a sticky liquid, rich in highly poisonous substances that can immobilize or kill predators.

 

How do termites explode?

 

In the new study, scientists from the Czech Academy of Sciences (Czech Republic) focused on understanding how BP76 could remain in a solid state stored on the backs of termites, while still being prepared for an instant reaction after rupture.

 

They found that the enzyme’s three-dimensional structure reveals that BP76 has “a variety of stabilization strategies.”

 

The enzyme can fold itself, which helps it to be resilient. The protection also gains a new layer through sugar molecules that are attached to the protein. The result is a kind of protective shield.

 

BP76 Enzyme

 

The BP76 enzyme has a chemical bond between two amino acids — lysine and cysteine. This bond is not normally found in enzymes and plays a very important role in maintaining the structure.

 

The study found that this role is even more important when it comes to storing the enzyme in a solid form on the backs of the termite.

 

In other words, this bond acts as a lock. This is what ensures that the substance maintains its shape and remains fully functional, ready to be activated when the suicidal termites need it.

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